Which of the following is a common histologic feature of chronic inflammation?
Granulomas are a hallmark of chronic inflammation, particularly in conditions such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and Crohn's disease.
What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia worldwide?
Chronic blood loss, particularly from gastrointestinal bleeding, is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia worldwide.
In which condition would you most likely find hyperkalemia?
Chronic kidney disease often leads to hyperkalemia due to impaired renal excretion of potassium.
What is the key difference between malignant and benign tumors?
Malignant tumors typically exhibit rapid growth and can invade surrounding tissues, while benign tumors are usually slow-growing and well-circumscribed.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of retinoblastoma on histopathology?
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes are characteristic of retinoblastoma, a malignant tumor of the retina.
What is the most common cause of myocardial infarction?
The majority of myocardial infarctions are caused by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to thrombus formation and occlusion of a coronary artery.
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Which of the following is the hallmark feature of a fibroid (leiomyoma) on histology?
Fibroids (leiomyomas) are benign tumors made up of smooth muscle cells arranged in a whorled pattern of spindle-shaped cells.
What is the most common presenting symptom of acute leukemia?
Acute leukemia commonly presents with fever, infections, and bleeding due to bone marrow failure and impaired immune response.
What is the primary molecular alteration in the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
The BCR-ABL fusion gene, resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (Philadelphia chromosome), is the primary molecular alteration in CML.